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Nitesh Saxena - Professor, Computer Science; Associate Director, Global Cyber Research Institute; Dean's Research Fellow 2022-23

Texas A&M University College of Engineering

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AI Spies News — BPSniff (IEEE S&P 2025) Paper News Story

Posted on May 12, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

New Study Uncovers Privacy Risks: VR Headsets Can Secretly Monitor Your Blood Pressure

College Station, TX — May 2025

This news story was fully generated by AI, the text using GPT-4o and the image using GPT, with necessary review and corrections by the SPIES researchers.

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A team of researchers from Temple University, Texas A&M University, Rutgers University and New Jersey Institute of Technology has uncovered a serious privacy vulnerability in consumer virtual reality (VR) headsets. The study reveals that built-in motion sensors, typically used to enhance immersive VR experiences, can be covertly exploited to continuously infer users’ blood pressure without their knowledge or consent. The full findings are being presented at the 2025 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P), one of the leading conferences in cybersecurity and privacy research.

The attack, dubbed BPSniff, demonstrates that blood-pressure-related vibrations—specifically ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals generated by blood flow—can be detected by high-frequency motion sensors embedded in devices like Meta Quest and Meta Quest 2. By analyzing these subtle physiological movements, attackers can estimate both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with a level of accuracy comparable to clinical-grade devices.

Unlike traditional health monitoring systems that require user calibration or consent, BPSniff bypasses both. The research shows that malicious apps or web-based scripts can access motion sensor data from VR headsets without explicit permissions. This allows adversaries to passively collect highly sensitive biometric data in real time, raising alarms about user surveillance in metaverse environments.

BPSniff utilizes advanced machine learning models, combining variational autoencoders (VAE) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, to reconstruct blood flow patterns from sensor data. These reconstructions are then used to estimate blood pressure continuously, achieving mean errors of just 1.75 mmHg (systolic) and 1.34 mmHg (diastolic)—well within FDA and AAMI medical standards.

The researchers tested the attack across multiple use cases, including various physical postures, headset models, and user movements. Even with noise introduced by normal VR activity like gaming or walking, BPSniff remained effective. The system’s robustness was further confirmed through an eight-week longitudinal study with 37 participants.

The implications are broad and alarming. Unauthorized access to blood pressure data can reveal information about a person’s health status, stress levels, emotional states, and reactions to stimuli—potentially enabling manipulation, discrimination, or psychological profiling. This threat escalates when combined with identity linkage from other data sources, opening the door to highly personalized and invasive surveillance.

To mitigate the risk, the researchers advocate for stronger privacy controls on motion sensor access, including real-time usage monitoring, permission-based frameworks, and AI-driven auditing tools within VR platforms. As the metaverse grows into a space for entertainment, collaboration, and even healthcare, this study highlights the urgent need to secure embedded sensors against misuse.

Read more stories like this on AI Spies News.

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Launching the AI Spies News Channel

Posted on May 12, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

We’re excited to introduce the AI Spies News Channel, where the latest updates, insights, and breakthroughs from the SPIES research lab are transformed into engaging, media-style stories generated fully using AI (after necessary reviews and corrections by SPIES researchers).

Visit the AI Spies News Channel

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Paper accepted to WiSec 2025

Posted on May 11, 2025 by nsaxena

“Alexa, Is Dynamic Content Safe?” Understanding the risks of Dynamic Content
Nathan McClaran, Payton Walker, Zhao Zheng, Yangyong Zhang, Nitesh Saxena and Guofei Gu
In the 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec), June/July 2025.

Filed Under: Uncategorized

SPIES Lab’s Secure Messaging Work Features in News

Posted on May 3, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

SPIES Lab led by Dr. Nitesh Saxena investigates secure messaging apps like Signal and WhatsApp. While end-to-end encryption protects messages, vulnerabilities exist, such as “man-in-the-middle” attacks and user error in group chat. The lab aims to enhance security through improved verification tools, design changes, and encrypted keyboards, while also addressing challenges like cross-device syncing and AI integration.

Spy Vs. Spy: Texas A&M Researchers Work To Secure Messaging, Texas A&M University Division of Marketing and Communications

Filed Under: Uncategorized

SPIES Lab Student to Start as an Assistant Professor

Posted on April 18, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

Tanvir MahdadSPIES Lab graduating student, Ahmed Tanvir Mahdad,
will be starting as a tenure-track Assistant Professor at Ohio University in their
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
this Fall 2025.

In a crowded job market heavily “skewed” by AI candidates, Tanvir had over a dozen Zoom interviews and about half a dozen on-site interviews at R1 universities, leading to multiple offers in hand. He carefully chose Ohio University as his employer considering multiple factors, the key being striking a balance between the (perceived) prospects of growth and quality of life.

Tanvir will be the SPIES Lab’s 5th PhD student graduating from TAMU who is taking up an academic position (7th graduating student since moving to TAMU in 2021, and 17th graduating PhD student overall). Congratulations!

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Dr. Saxena’s Primer on Secure Communications in News Media

Posted on March 31, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

Secure communications and end-to-encryption is all over the news in light of the recent use of this technology underlying national security matters by the US government. The SPIES lab has been doing extensive work in this area and leading the nation on this forefront. Dr. Saxena recently gave a video interview to the Associated Press Spotlight breaking down end-to-end encryption in simple terms. The devil is in details, as he said, so for more info check out our research or reach to Dr. Saxena.

What is ‘classified’ information? What are ‘secure’ communications? Here’s a primer, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Mar 31, 2025

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Examples of other news outlets covering the interview:

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Filed Under: Uncategorized

Dr. Saxena recognized with the Dean’s Excellence Award!

Posted on February 14, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

22088920956_68691b1a6c_oCongratulations to Dr. Saxena for being recognized with the College of Engineering Dean’s Excellence Award.  This is the most prestigious award for tenure-track and tenured faculty members within Engineering Faculty Awards, who excel in all three pillars of academics — research, teaching and service. College of Engineering at Texas A&M University is a top 10 Engineering college within the nation housing 15 top-tier departments with world-class faculty.

award

 

 

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Dr. Saxena appointed as the Senior Area Editor, IEEE TIFS

Posted on February 6, 2025 by nsaxena

Dr. Saxena has been appointed as the Senior Area Editor of IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS). TIFS is one of the most reputed journals in the area of security. Dr. Saxena earlier served as an Editor of TIFS from 2013-16, in its inception years.

 

Filed Under: Uncategorized

2 Full papers Accepted to WWW 2025

Posted on January 20, 2025 by Jimmy Dani

The SPIES lab will have 2 full papers presented at the WebConf (WWW) 2025. Only 409 papers were accepted out of 2062 submissions (acceptance rate of merely 19.8%).

  • The First Early Evidence of the Use of Browser Fingerprinting for Online Tracking
    Zengrui Liu, Jimmy Dani, Yinzhi Cao, Shujiang Wu, Nitesh Saxena
    In the 25th ACM Web Conference (WWW), April 2025.
  • Broken Access: On the Challenges of Screen Reader Assisted Two-Factor and Passwordless Authentication
    Md Mojibur Rahman Redoy Akanda, Ahmed Tanvir Mahdad, Nitesh Saxena
    In the 25th ACM Web Conference (WWW), April 2025.

Filed Under: Uncategorized

Journal paper accepted to IEEE TMC

Posted on December 18, 2024 by nsaxena

  • Usability and Security Analysis of the Compare-and-Confirm Method in Mobile Push-Based Two-Factor Authentication
    Mohammed Jubur, Nitesh Saxena and Faheem Reegu
    In IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2024

Filed Under: Uncategorized

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Recent News

  • AI Spies News — BPSniff (IEEE S&P 2025) Paper News Story May 12, 2025
  • Launching the AI Spies News Channel May 12, 2025
  • Paper accepted to WiSec 2025 May 11, 2025
  • SPIES Lab’s Secure Messaging Work Features in News May 3, 2025
  • SPIES Lab Student to Start as an Assistant Professor April 18, 2025
  • Dr. Saxena’s Primer on Secure Communications in News Media March 31, 2025
  • Dr. Saxena recognized with the Dean’s Excellence Award! February 14, 2025
  • Dr. Saxena appointed as the Senior Area Editor, IEEE TIFS February 6, 2025
  • 2 Full papers Accepted to WWW 2025 January 20, 2025
  • Journal paper accepted to IEEE TMC December 18, 2024
  • New post-doctoral researcher joins the lab December 11, 2024
  • Paper Accepted to ACM Computing Surveys 2024 November 30, 2024
  • Paper Accepted to IEEE S&P 2025 October 21, 2024
  • Paper Accepted to Nature Human Behaviour October 20, 2024
  • 2 new PhD students join the SPIES lab August 31, 2024
  • Post-Doc Position Available August 3, 2024
  • Paper accepted to ISC 2024 July 30, 2024
  • Paper Accepted to ACM CCS 2024 July 5, 2024
  • 2 papers accepted to PST 2024 July 1, 2024
  • Paper accepted to ACM CCS 2024 May 20, 2024

Contact Info

Nitesh Saxena

PETR 238

435 Nagle Street

College Station, Tx 77843-3112
email: nsaxena[at]tamu.edu (best way to reach me)

RSS SPIES Lab, Computer Science and Engineering

  • AI Spies News — BPSniff (IEEE S&P 2025) Paper News Story
  • Launching the AI Spies News Channel
  • Paper accepted to WiSec 2025
  • SPIES Lab’s Secure Messaging Work Features in News
  • SPIES Lab Student to Start as an Assistant Professor
  • Dr. Saxena’s Primer on Secure Communications in News Media
  • Dr. Saxena recognized with the Dean’s Excellence Award!
  • Dr. Saxena appointed as the Senior Area Editor, IEEE TIFS
  • 2 Full Papers Accepted to WWW 2025
  • Journal paper accepted to IEEE TMC

© 2016–2025 Nitesh Saxena - Professor, Computer Science; Associate Director, Global Cyber Research Institute; Dean's Research Fellow 2022-23 Log in

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